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Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 1. Although popular legend credits Pope St. Gregory the Great with inventing Gregorian chant, scholars believe that it arose from a later Carolingian synthesis of Roman chant and Gallican chant. Boulevard Of Broken Dreams Sheet Music Free Download' title='Boulevard Of Broken Dreams Sheet Music Free Download' />Gregorian chants were organized initially into four, then eight, and finally 1. Typical melodic features include a characteristic ambitus, and also characteristic intervallic patterns relative to a referential mode final, incipits and cadences, the use of reciting tones at a particular distance from the final, around which the other notes of the melody revolve, and a vocabulary of musical motifs woven together through a process called centonization to create families of related chants. The scale patterns are organized against a background pattern formed of conjunct and disjunct tetrachords, producing a larger pitch system called the gamut. The chants can be sung by using six note patterns called hexachords. Gregorian melodies are traditionally written using neumes, an early form of musical notation from which the modern four line and five line staff developed. Multi voice elaborations of Gregorian chant, known as organum, were an early stage in the development of Western polyphony. Gregorian chant was traditionally sung by choirs of men and boys in churches, or by men and women of religious orders in their chapels. It is the music of the Roman Rite, performed in the Mass and the monastic Office. Although Gregorian chant supplanted or marginalized the other indigenous plainchant traditions of the Christian West to become the official music of the Christian liturgy, Ambrosian chant still continues in use in Milan, and there are musicologists exploring both that and the Mozarabic chant of Christian Spain. Although Gregorian chant is no longer obligatory, the Roman Catholic Church still officially considers it the music most suitable for worship. During the 2. Can You Feel The Love Tonight from The Lion King Sheet Music, Elton John, Bill Boyd. Sheet Music CC is a site for those who wants to access popular sheet music easily, letting them download the sheet music for free for trial purposes. Gregorian chant underwent a musicological and popular resurgence. HistoryeditDevelopment of earlier plainchanteditSinging has been part of the Christian liturgy since the earliest days of the Church. Until the mid 1. Jewish worship significantly influenced and contributed to early Christian ritual and chant. This view is no longer generally accepted by scholars, due to analysis that shows that most early Christian hymns did not have Psalms for texts, and that the Psalms were not sung in synagogues for centuries after the Destruction of the Second Temple in AD 7. However, early Christian rites did incorporate elements of Jewish worship that survived in later chant tradition. Canonical hours have their roots in Jewish prayer hours. Amen and alleluia come from Hebrew, and the threefold sanctus derives from the threefold kadosh of the Kedushah. Rman Create Standby From Active Database Objects here. The New Testament mentions singing hymns during the Last Supper When they had sung the hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives Matthew 2. Other ancient witnesses such as Pope Clement I, Tertullian, St. Athanasius, and Egeria confirm the practice,5 although in poetic or obscure ways that shed little light on how music sounded during this period. The 3rd century Greek Oxyrhynchus hymn survived with musical notation, but the connection between this hymn and the plainchant tradition is uncertain. Musical elements that would later be used in the Roman Rite began to appear in the 3rd century. The Apostolic Tradition, attributed to the theologian Hippolytus, attests the singing of Hallel psalms with Alleluia as the refrain in early Christian agape feasts. Chants of the Office, sung during the canonical hours, have their roots in the early 4th century, when desert monks following St. Anthony introduced the practice of continuous psalmody, singing the complete cycle of 1. Around 3. 75, antiphonal psalmody became popular in the Christian East in 3. St. Ambrose introduced this practice to the West. In the fifth century, a singing school, the Schola Cantorum, was founded at Rome to provide training in church musicianship. Scholars are still debating how plainchant developed during the 5th through the 9th centuries, as information from this period is scarce. Around 4. 10, St. Augustine described the responsorial singing of a Gradual psalm at Mass. At c. 5. 20, Benedict of Nursia established what is called the rule of St. Benedict, in which the protocol of the Divine Office for monastic use was laid down. Around 6. 78, Roman chant was taught at York. Distinctive regional traditions of Western plainchant arose during this period, notably in the British Isles Celtic chant, Spain Mozarabic, Gaul Gallican, and Italy Old Roman, Ambrosian and Beneventan. These traditions may have evolved from a hypothetical year round repertory of 5th century plainchant after the western Roman Empire collapsed. John the Deacon, biographer c. Pope Gregory I, modestly claimed that the saint compiled a patchwork antiphonary,1. He reorganized the Schola Cantorum and established a more uniform standard in church services, gathering chants from among the regional traditions as widely as he could manage. Of those, he retained what he could, revised where necessary, and assigned particular chants to the various services. According to Donald Jay Grout, his goal was to organize the bodies of chants from diverse traditions into a uniform and orderly whole for use by the entire western region of the Church. His renowned love for music was recorded only 3. Honorius testified that comparison to Gregory was already considered the highest praise for a music loving pope. While later legends magnified his real achievements, these significant steps may account for why his name came to be attached to Gregorian chant. Origins of mature plainchanteditThe Gregorian repertory was further systematized for use in the Roman Rite, and scholars weigh the relative influences of Roman and Carolingian practices upon the development of plainchant. The late 8th century saw a steadily increasing influence of the Carolingian monarchs over the popes. During a visit to Gaul in 7. Pope Stephen II celebrated Mass using Roman chant. According to Charlemagne, his father Pepin abolished the local Gallican Rites in favor of the Roman use, in order to strengthen ties with Rome. Thirty years later 7. Charlemagnes request, Pope Adrian I sent a papal sacramentary with Roman chants to the Carolingian court. According to James Mc. Kinnon, over a brief period in the 8th century, a project overseen by Chrodegang of Metz in the favorable atmosphere of the Carolingian monarchs, also compiled the core liturgy of the Roman Mass and promoted its use in Francia and throughout Gaul. Willi Apel and Robert Snow assert a scholarly consensus that Gregorian chant developed around 7. Roman and Gallican chants, and was commissioned by the Carolingian rulers in France. Andreas Pfisterer and Peter Jeffery have shown that older melodic essentials from Roman chant are clear in the synthesized chant repertory. There were other developments as well. Chants were modified, influenced by local styles and Gallican chant, and fitted into the theory of the ancient Greek octoechos system of modes in a manner that created what later came to be known as the western system of the eight church modes.